If you’ve lived in Florida for a good chunk of time, you probably remember this day 20 years ago. Especially so if you were in the cross-hairs of Hurricane Charley then — one of five tropical systems that directly impacted Florida over the course of six weeks.
Charley made landfall as a major category-four hurricane with winds near 150 mph near Cayo Costa, just west of Fort Myers on August 13, 2004. An hour later, the hurricane struck Punta Gorda as a 145-mph hurricane, then passed up through Port Charlotte and Charlotte Harbor.
The eye had shrunk before landfall, which limited the most powerful winds to an area within 7 miles of the center. Charley was a very strong and compact storm and maintained much of its strength as it moved up the state.
The aerial picture at the top of this article, is one of the most startling and telling ones taken in Charley’s aftermath. The hurricane's 150 mph winds and storm surge cut an inlet over a quarter mile wide on North Captiva Island near Cayo Costa, which was later named Charley’s Cut or Charley’s Pass. For many months, the only way to travel back to Florida’s mainland from Captiva Island was by boat.
Charley was initially expected to hit further north in Tampa. The storm caught many Floridians off-guard due to a sudden change in its track as it approached the state.
Along its path, Charley caused 10 deaths and $16.9 billion in damage to insured residential property, making it the second costliest hurricane in US history at the time. The next year, Hurricane Katrina would surpass those damages.
Punta Gorda, Fort Myers and Charlotte County had been in the National Hurricane Center’s “cone of uncertainty” for four days before landfall despite a forecast showing it was likely to make landfall near Tampa. Unexpectedly, Charley turned toward Florida sooner than anticipated, leaving Tampa spared. However, Charlotte, Lee and Sarasota Counties were now in the direct path of the dangerous hurricane.
20 years ago today, just 6 hours before a forecast landfall in Tampa Bay, cat 4 hurricane Charley made a right turn that brought its landfall 60 miles farther south in Charlotte County. It's the turn that saved Tampa Bay. #flwx #hurricane #hurricanecharley pic.twitter.com/gUFplTNNiu
— Greg Dee (@GregDeeWeather) August 13, 2024
Charley rapidly intensified before making landfall creating a ripple effect across the State. Charley would then move up into central Florida, bringing hurricane force winds, some over 100 mph in the Orlando area.
Widespread power outages and significant damage to the heavily laden tree population in the metro areas of central and southwest Florida left over a million people without power for days, and in some cases weeks.
Charley’s minimum central pressure fell 23 mb from 964 mb to 941 mb in less than 4 hours. This rapid intensification tightened up Charley’s winds and its large hurricane force wind field prompted the majority of Florida to prepare for hurricane-force winds while the storm traveled up the State.
In 2004, there wasn’t a way to inform the public of impending high-end, catastrophic winds. So the local National Weather Service issued tornado warnings to prepare people for the most extreme approaching winds.
As major hurricane force winds continued inland during Hurricane Charley, the NWS needed a way to alert people to shelter-in-shelter as the eyewall moved over an area. At the time, a Tornado Warning was issued. Later, the Extreme Wind Warning was developed #FLwx pic.twitter.com/24Drv1Z1Ai
— NWS Melbourne (@NWSMelbourne) August 13, 2024
Evolution of the EWW (Extreme Wind Warning)
Several years later, this led to the development of the Extreme Wind Warning (EWW) product by the National Weather Service. EWW’s are issued when a Category 3 or greater storm is moving over an area and winds are expected to be 115+ mph within an hour. It’s one of the most severe and dangerous warnings the NWS will issue to the public to warn them of imminent danger.
The concept of the EWW was developed by the NWS in Melbourne and they were the first to issue one during Hurricane Matthew in 2016.
[2/3] Charley's legacy continues on after 20 years, as it railed much of FL with destructive winds & even some storm surge flooding. Up to 13ft of surge went into Vanderbilt Beach. Charlotte Regional Medical Center reported a gust up to 172mph. The worst of the damage was in Port… pic.twitter.com/1lR3tsnSj2
— Vortix (@VortixWx) August 13, 2024
After Charley moved through the metro Orlando area, it moved north-northeastward and caused significant damage across the Palm Coast area, which is north of Daytona Beach. Hurricane Ian, which hit Southwest Florida in 2022, was the strongest storm to hit the area since Charley.
By the end of September 2004, four hurricanes slammed into Florida: Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne. This all happened in a span of less than six weeks. This created more than 50 billion dollars in damage, spawned over 275 tornadoes along the Atlantic seaboard, and creating an unprecedented year for Florida and what historians called a 1-in-100 year hurricane event.
There have been many storms and hurricanes that have impacted Florida and the southeastern United States since Charley, but for those who lived through and survived Charley, it is one that will stay with them for many years to come.
For an overview of the unprecedented 2004 hurricane season and how it affected millions of people across the eastern United States, click below for a video from the National Weather service in Tampa.
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